Winter Course - Business Performance Evaluation

About the Course

This winter course is focused on the building of knowledge in the field of business performance evaluation and management using frontier techniques. Its aims are to enable participants, including PhD students and other advanced study cycles, as well as practitioners from different areas of technical and scientific expertise, to acquire and extract knowledge for performance evaluation using frontier techniques from non-parametric (Data Envelopment Analysis - DEA) and parametric (Stochastic Frontier Analysis - SFA) methods and their application in a diversity of business contexts, using software such as R studio and Stata, among others.

A large part of the course will be devoted to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a non-parametric method that evaluates the efficiency of similar decision-making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and outputs. By contrast with parametric methods, Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), the DEA method avoids prior assumptions about functional form or distribution. It establishes an empirical production frontier using observed DMU data, representing the multiple input-output relationship. Each DMU is evaluated against this frontier to determine efficiency, handling multiple inputs/outputs, benchmarking potential and flexibility in addressing efficiency issues such as cost, production and allocative efficiency.

Taking a strong theoretical and practical approach, the entire programme has been structured to showcase, discuss and use both classic approaches and new developments in frontier analysis applied to different organisational contexts in a meaningful way. In practical terms, throughout the programme participants are exposed to real-life case studies, with varying degrees of complexity, for which they are required to design, test and evaluate models capable of extracting valuable knowledge and providing support for decision-making based on proactive and data-driven efficiencies, such as the outcomes and inputs used in the performance frontier.

📅 Course Calendar

Monday
26
Room 10.2.41
Module #1: Performance Assessment using Frontier Techniques
10:00-11:30 Welcome & Kick-off
11:30-13:00 Session #1 (Ana Camanho)
🍽️ Lunch
14:30-16:30 Session #2
17:00-19:00 Session #3
Tuesday
27
Room 10.2.41
Module #2: Performance Assessment using Value-Based DEA
09:30-11:00 Session #1
11:30-13:00 Session #2
🍽️ Lunch
14:30-17:00 Session #3
17:30-19:00 Session #4
Wednesday
28
Room 10.2.41
Module #3: Stochastic Frontier Analysis
09:30-11:00 Session #1 (Víctor Moutinho)
11:30-13:00 Session #2 (Luís Marques)
🍽️ Lunch
14:30-19:00 Session #3 (Pedro Macedo)
Thursday
29
Room 10.2.41
Module #4: Directional Distance Benefit of the Doubt
09:30-11:00 Session #1
11:30-13:00 Session #2
🍽️ Lunch
14:30-17:00 Session #3
17:30-19:00 Session #4
Friday
30
Room 10.2.41
Final Session
09:30-11:00 Discussion of Empirical Applications
11:15-12:30 Round Table
🎓 Closing Session

📋 Detailed Programme

Monday, 26 January - Room 10.2.41

10:00 - 11:30 Welcome and Kick-off
Welcome: Silvina Santana, Vítor Moutinho, Jorge Mota, Filipe Sardo
Kick-off - Setting the stage: Silvina Santana, Víctor Moutinho
Module #1: Performance Assessment using Frontier Techniques
By Ana Camanho and Hermilio Vilarinho
11:30 - 13:00 Session #1
Ana Camanho
  • Introduction to efficiency measurement
  • Introduction to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) – underlying concepts
  • Formulation of the DEA model
  • DEA in practice: A simple illustrative example in Excel
🍽️ LUNCH – UA Restaurant
14:30 - 16:30 Session #2
Ana Camanho & Hermílio Vilarinho
  • Extensions to the original Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model
  • Returns to scale analysis (VRS model, NIRS and NDRS) & scale efficiency
  • Composite indicators
  • DEA models with weight restrictions
17:00 - 19:00 Session #3
Hermílio Vilarinho
  • Directional distance functions
  • Economic efficiency assessments
  • Productivity change over time
  • Introduction to using R for efficiency evaluations with DEA
  • Roadmap to DEA applications & Examples

Tuesday, 27 January - Room 10.2.41

Module #2: Performance Assessment using Value-Based DEA
By Carla Henriques and Maria Gouveia
09:30 - 11:00 Session #1
Carla Henriques and Maria Gouveia
  • Introduction to Value-Based DEA
  • Radial and Non-radial Efficiency Measures
  • Understanding Efficiency Scores
  • Interpretation of DEA Results
11:30 - 13:00 Session #2
Carla Henriques and Maria Gouveia
  • Integration of Preferences
  • Value Functions
  • Luenberger Productivity Indicator
  • Application of the Luenberger Indicator in DEA
  • Interpreting Changes in Productivity
🍽️ LUNCH – UA Restaurant
14:30 - 17:00 Session #3
Carla Henriques and Maria Gouveia
  • Robustness in DEA
  • Understanding Uncertainties in DEA Models
  • Methods for Enhancing Robustness
  • Stability Intervals in DEA
  • Case Studies Demonstrating Robustness Analysis
17:30 - 19:00 Session #4
Carla Henriques and Maria Gouveia
  • Introduction of Constraints
  • Incorporating Constraints into DEA Models
  • Value-Based DEA
  • Case Studies and Robustness Applications: Value-Based DEA

Wednesday, 28 January - Room 10.2.41

Module #3: Stochastic Frontier Analysis
By Víctor Moutinho, Luis Marques
09:30 - 11:00 Session #1: An Introduction to Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Víctor Moutinho
  • Formulation of the SFA model
  • Cross-sectional frontier models
  • Panel data frontier models
  • Time-invariant technical efficiency
  • Time-Varying technical efficiency
  • SFA in practice
11:30 - 13:00 Session #2: Multiple Output Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Luís Marques
  • The estimator Translog Ray Function
  • Advantages
  • Weaknesses and solutions
  • Practical application in R: Data import; Necessary packages; How to estimate; Interpretation
  • Case Study
🍽️ LUNCH – UA Restaurant
14:30 - 17:00 Session #3: Stochastic Frontier Analysis (continued)
Víctor Moutinho
  • Practical application in STATA
  • Case Studies
17:00 - 19:00 Session #3 (continued)
Víctor Moutinho
  • Practical application in STATA
  • Case Studies

Thursday, 29 January - Room 10.2.41

Module #4: Performance Assessment using Directional Distance Benefit of the Doubt
By Giovanna D'Inverno
09:30 - 11:00 Session #1
Giovanna D'Inverno
  • Review of Economic Efficiency assessments using DEA analysis
  • Extensions to the original Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model
  • Total Productivity
  • Malmquist Index
  • Applications & Examples
11:30 - 13:00 Session #2
Giovanna D'Inverno
  • Directional Distance Benefit of the Doubt (BoD) index
  • An innovative benefit-of-the-doubt approach for health system effectiveness
  • Applications & Examples
🍽️ LUNCH – UA Restaurant
14:30 - 17:00 Session #3
Giovanna D'Inverno
  • Composite indicators
  • Assessment of the Quality of Services (AQS)
  • A regulatory robust conditional DEA approach to measure the Efficiency
  • Applications & Examples
17:30 - 19:00 Session #4
Giovanna D'Inverno
  • Applications & Examples using R Studio

Friday, 30 January - Room 10.2.41

09:30 - 11:00 Discussion of Empirical Applications
11:15 - 12:30 Round Table
🎓 CLOSING SESSION